![]() The preferred method of killing was by dagger, nerve poison or arrows. Lacking their own army, the Nizari relied on these warriors to carry out espionage and assassinations of key enemy figures. While Assassins typically refers to the entire sect, only a group of disciples known as the fida'i actually engaged in conflict. Rashid ad-Din Sinan the Grand Master of the Assassins at Masyaf was unsuccessful in keeping Sultan Saladin off his territory. The Western world was introduced to the Assassins by the works of Marco Polo who understood the name as deriving from the word hashish. ![]() The Nizari Isma'ili State was ruled by Hassan-i Sabbah until his death in 1124. The Alamut and Lambsar castles became the foundation of a network of Isma'ili fortresses throughout Persia and Syria that formed the backbone of Assassin power, and included Syrian strongholds at Masyaf, Abu Qubays, al-Qadmus and al-Kahf. The state was formed in 1090 after the capture of Alamut Castle in modern Iran, which served as the Assassins' headquarters. The Nizari Isma'ili State, later known as the Assassins, was founded by Hassan-i Sabbah. The first two referred to the Assassins as batiniyya, an epithet widely accepted by Isma'ilis themselves. Contemporaneous historians include Arabs ibn al-Qalanisi and Ali ibn al-Athir and the Persian Ata-Malik Juvayni. Nizari Isma'ilism formed in the late 11th century after a succession crisis within the Fatimid Caliphate between Nizar ibn al-Mustansir and his half-brother, caliph al-Musta'li. The modern term assassination is based on the tactics used by the Assassins. During that time, they held a strict subterfuge policy throughout the Middle East through the covert murder of first Muslim and later Christian leaders who were considered enemies of their state. The Order of Assassins or simply the Assassins (Persian: حَشّاشین Ḥaššāšīn) ( Arabic: الحشَّاشين al-Ḥaššāšīn) were a Nizari Isma'ili sect of Shia who lived in the mountains of Persia and in Syria between 10. He narrowly survived poisoning from the blade of the Assassin. Edward I was nearly killed by an Assassin during Lord Edward's Crusade, most likely sent by the Mamluk Sultan Baibars, in order to remove his opposition to a 10-year truce with the Christian states at Jerusalem.
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